A hammertoe is a malformation of the proximal interphalangeal joint which results in a bending of the toe. Hammertoe most commonly occurs as a result of the toe being forced into a bent position repeatedly for extended periods of time. Poorly fitting shoes, either too short or too narrow, and high heels are the two most popular culprits for the bending. When toes are bent so frequently the muscles inside the toe will contract, and this shortening of the muscle results in a hammertoe. Occasionally, a hammertoe can be caused by existing muscle, nerve, or joint damage.
In a large number of cases of hammertoe, physical therapy and a more appropriately fitting shoe will be the best choice for correcting a hammertoe. There are a number of exercises one can do to help stretch the muscle back out, and even a brace a patient can wear to aid in the process. Of course though, there are situations where surgery is a more appropriate choice for correcting the muscle.
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